聚焦铁路元素 非遗传承人砖雕上刻“乡愁”******
(新春走基层)聚焦铁路元素 非遗传承人砖雕上刻“乡愁”
中新网商丘2月1日电 题：聚焦铁路元素 非遗传承人砖雕上刻“乡愁”
中新网记者 韩章云
“叮叮叮……”小锤敲击着刻刀在青砖上留下清晰的刻痕，凿刻出的灰尘被毛刷轻轻扫到一旁，潘明生埋头于手上的砖雕，不问外事。
“春节假期一直在庙会上忙着展示，现在难得坐在工作室做砖雕。”今年50岁的潘明生是河南省商丘市非物质文化遗产归德砖雕代表性传承人。他还有另外的身份——中国铁路郑州局集团有限公司郑州供电段商丘供电车间的电工。
潘明生从事砖雕技艺20余年，工作之余，他几乎把所有的时间用于砖雕制作、技艺传承。在平面砖雕的基础上，他创新立体微雕，一块块青砖经过精心凿刻，通过拼接组成一座座微型四合院、农家小院、古城……
潘明生对自己的砖雕作品进行细致调整。 受访者供图“陇海线上的老铁路桥、老商丘火车站，以及见证铁路变迁的蒸汽机车、电力机车、复兴号动车等，都会通过砖雕艺术呈现，争取明年与大家见面。”目前，潘明生正全力创作一组反映中国铁路发展的砖雕作品。
谈及创作历程，潘明生介绍，20多年前，他首次接触砖雕即着迷。传统砖雕作品纤巧的花纹、玲珑的构造、厚重的质感令他叹服，并为之进行持续的钻研、创作。
在砖雕作品的构思创作中，潘明生更倾向于复刻记忆里的古城、儿时的乡村风貌以及具有代表性的古建筑。为力求真实，他一次次实地考察、拍照、画图，查阅老照片等，希望用砖雕的方式留下老建筑的历史韵味，为观者留下一缕乡愁。
其中，潘明生用青砖复刻的“商丘古城归德府陈家大院”，屋顶的神兽、亭台楼阁的构造甚至墙面纹饰，与实物别无二致，而微型景观让观众更能直观感受传统古建筑的精巧布局与厚重乡情。
春节期间，潘明生在庙会上为观众介绍砖雕文化。 受访者供图不过，砖雕创作并非易事。青砖经多年风化质地脆弱，雕刻时一不小心就容易崩断，只能从头再来。“从事砖雕技艺，必须吃得了苦、耐得住寂寞。”尽管辛苦，只要坐在工作台前，潘明生常常忘记时间，“一眨眼工夫天就黑了，所以也就不觉得砖雕枯燥”。
如今，潘明生创作的微型砖雕作品已达百余组，其中《商丘古城》《老家的院子》《长城》等作品被多地博物馆、非遗馆收藏并展出。
“古老的砖雕艺术传递的本就是人们对美好生活的向往，现代砖雕依然蕴含这样的价值观。”潘明生介绍，在砖雕创作、技艺传承的路上他会一直坚持下去，“我期待用砖雕的艺术形式记录历史，为大家留下美好的记忆。”(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。  资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle. 
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